Chip War: The Fight for the World's Most Critical Technology

Initially promoted by the U.S. military after World War II to stay ahead of the Soviets in the arms race, semiconductors later became commercialized and embedded in our everyday gadgets. The journey of chip technology is truly fascinating. While innovation and advancements have surged, so have the choke points. This technology has driven globalization and progress, yet it’s unsettling to realize how few companies control such a critical industry.

The invention of the transistor by physicists like Shockley, Bardeen, and Brattain, and its commercialization by pioneers like Noyce, Moore, Kilby, and others, is a remarkable story. Perfecting the manufacturing process for such a complex product was no small feat, and it wasn’t just one country that contributed to its advancement. How Japan overtook the U.S. in the production of DRAMs and how South Korea caught up quickly and overtook Japan is very exciting to read about. The global effort behind semiconductor innovation is incredible.

© 2026 Sindhuja Cheema Enzinger. All Rights Reserved.

The Coming Wave: Technology, Power, and the Twenty-first Century's Greatest Dilemma

Last month, I reviewed a book called AI Snake Oil, published in September 2024, which discusses the hype surrounding AI and argues that the distrust and fear expressed by several prominent figures and scientists are unwarranted. This book, The Coming Wave, was written a year earlier, in September 2023. After exploring both sides of the argument’one dismissing AI as unlikely to become all-consuming, more intelligent, or more capable than humans, and the other outlining various use cases where things could spiral out of control’I find both perspectives valid. It was also fun reading it in reverse order.

© 2026 Sindhuja Cheema Enzinger. All Rights Reserved.